Archive for November, 2007

All About Fuel Cells & Alternative Fuel Vehicles


T
he history of the fuel cell can be traced back to the 19th century. Since then the development and usage of fuel cells in a variety of applications have come a long way. Fuel cells hold great promise for fueling alternative fuel vehicles. Here is some of the history of the development of fuel cells:

* William Grove invented the fuel cell in 1839.

* General Electric invented proton exchange membrane fuel cells in the 1950s

* Francis Bacon demonstrated a 5kW alkaline fuel cell in 1959.

* NASA’s use of fuel cells during the Apollo space missions in the 1960s was the first commercial use of fuel cells.

* Alkaline fuel cells have flown over 100 missions and operated for more than 80,000 hours in spacecrafts operated by NASA.

* The US Navy has been using fuel cells in submarines since the 1980s

* Fuel cell buses are running in several cities around the world, the largest being the European Union backed CUTE project (Clean Urban Transport for Europe).

* All major automakers have prototypes of alternative fuel vehicles using fuel cells on the road-some have already been leased to customers.

* Iceland has plans to convert its fishing fleet from diesel engines to hydrogen fuel cells as part of a national project to create a fossil fuel free economy

* Several car manufacturers are hoping to produce their first semi-commercial models of fuel cell cars by 2005, yet they will most probably not be mass produced until 2010.

* Numerous fuel cell products will be coming to market-portable direct methanol fuel cells will power mobile phones, laptops and cameras in the near future

* A fuel cell is around 60% efficient at converting fuel to power, double the efficiency of an internal combustion gas engine-which makes it perfect for alternative fuel vehicles.

Fuel cells have several advantages over conventional power sources like internal combustion gas engines or batteries. Additionally, there are disadvantages facing manufacturers hoping to commercialize fuel cells. See how they stack up as the next best fuel for alternative fuel vehicles.

Advantages

* Fuel cells reduce pollution that is caused by the burning of fossil fuels-their only by-product is water

* If the hydrogen used in the fuel cell comes from the electrolysis of water, then using fuel cells will eliminate greenhouse gases

* Because fuel cells don’t need conventional fuels like oil or gas, they eliminate economic dependence on politically unstable countries

* Since hydrogen can be manufactured anywhere there is water and electricity, production of potential fuel can be allocated in various areas

* Fuel cells operate at a higher efficiency than diesel or gas engines which makes them an ideal source of efficient power for alternative fuel vehicles

* Most fuel cells operate silently, while internal combustion engines do not

* Fuel cells can operate for longer times than batteries, therefore to double the operating time, only the fuel needs to be doubled and not the capacity of the unit itself

* The maintenance of fuel cells is relatively straightforward since there are few moving parts in the system

Disadvantages

* Energizing fuel cells continues to be a major problem while production, transportation, distribution and storage of hydrogen remains difficult

* Reforming hydrocarbons via a reformer to produce hydrogen is technically challenging and not actually environmentally friendly

* The refuelling and the starting time of fuel cell vehicles are longer, while the driving range is shorter than in a conventional vehicle

* Fuel cells are normally somewhat larger than comparable batteries or engines, however, the size of the units continues to decrease with research and testing

* Fuel cells are currently expensive to produce, since most units are hand-made and some use expensive materials

* The technology is not yet fully developed, therefore few products are readily available

Although hydrogen fuel cells appear to be the most promising source of alternative fuel, other sources are being researched and tested. Alternative transportation fuels provide economic advantages while also offering significant environmental benefits.

They offer air quality advantages through reduced emissions and some fuels produce less greenhouse gas emissions than gasoline. There’s significant research being conducted worldwide. Canada, for example, is recognized as a world leader in the development and use of alternative transportation fuels with more than 170,000 alternative fuel vehicles in use across Canada. Some of the most promising alternative fuel sources being suggested for future use in motor vehicles are:

* Ethanol * Propane
* Natural gas
* Biodiesel
* Electricity
* Hydrogen

At this point, it’s anyone’s guess what the future holds for alternative fuel vehicles.

� 2004 AllAboutHybridCars.com and Andrea Susan Glass. Any reproduction of this article in any manner is prohibited without the consent of AllAboutHybridCars.com. We give permission to use this article on your website or e-zine if you reproduce it exactly as it appears here including this notice. Visit http://www.AllAboutHybridCars.com/eBook.htm to order your FREE report, "7 Critical Facts Everyone should Know Before Buying a Hybrid Car."

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Recreational Vehicle Buyers Guide

Recreational Vehicle Buyers Guide Service Records – If you’re buying from an RV dealer and they can’t produce something – you’ve got problems – possibly serious ones. If not, he’d be proudly displaying the records. There should at least be receipts for repairs, service work, and possibly old owners manuals.

See http://busforsaleguide.com/rv_types.htm for the advantages and disadvantages of each major class of recreational vehicle on the market. Body Leaks -Other than structural rust, I know of no other exterior related problem that will cost you as much money and cause you as many headaches as exterior body leaks. Body leaks are among the most difficult to fix if the body design is less than first rate.

Front facing windows on many Class C’s are nearly impossible to stop leaking due to flexing and stress. I have been incredibly pleased with the purchase of my 1993 Class A. However, the wood over skeleton frame roofs like the type Georgie Boy used in this coach has begun to sag between the support tubes or "skeleton". The weight of air-conditioners, vents, my roof mounted kayaks, and walking up there to fix seams, has permanently created "ponding" issues.

Price quote from my very trusted and competent local RV service center was $4,200 to rebuild my entire roof. Ponding is water sitting on the roof when the coach is level. When this happens you have increased chances of leaks, bugs, slime and algae growth, and dirty water run off when you drive somewhere.

Rounded formed fiberglass roofs are the very best but only appear on the newer coaches that were out of my price range. I have seen $30,000 to $60,000 coaches nearly ruined by leaks that went unchecked. Be especially cautious if you see ANY delamination of the side wall. I have never seen the permanent damage fixed for less than $4,000 and that is WITHOUT a guarantee that it won’t happen again.

This is usually caused by poor roof and seam design. Nearly everyone underestimates how serious this is. I know I almost bought one. Couldn’t figure out why a great looking Santara diesel pusher would only cost $24,000. Then I walked around to the drivers side and saw the fiberglass body delaminating. I didn’t think it looked too expensive to repair. I figured caulk the seam and just screw the panel back tighter to the frame.

Ferrari Car Pictures

recreational vehicle courtesy of thegreenmotorist.com

Of course the salesman agreed. WRONG! People do not realize especially in older coaches that the WOOD (yes I said the WOOD) that is under the fiberglass skin does offer quite a bit of the stability, and rigidity of the exterior. Once it gets wet for a prolonged period of time it rots, breaks down, and becomes heavy enough to cause the entire skeleton to sag. Windows no longer fit right, seams pop open worse, storage doors underneath stick, and on and on.

Do NOT buy an RV with this problem. It can cost as much as $13,000 to fix (highest horror story I have read about on the RV chat logs thus far). Body integrity is one of the more important advantages that the big solidly constructed bus conversions have over 95% of the factory built RV’s in use.

Do NOT purchase an RV that has signs of leaking without a thorough plan for paying for and fixing the problem. Otherwise, I can assure you, it will destroy your experience and investment in a short time. Mechanical Leaks – Look for ANY signs of leaks, particularly from Automatic Transmissions. Some Allison transmissions used in diesel motor homes have wimpy front seals and leak constantly when the transmission gets too hot.

Don’t buy an RV with a leaky transmission. A replacement Allison can cost $3,000 parts and labor to replace. Leaking brake components or hydraulic systems can be expensive to repair also. Leaky radiators can be expensive to repair or replace on larger coaches especially if the labor to pull them involves pulling a lot of other items. Same goes for leaky dash air-conditioning systems.

Body Style – Check out the visibility differences. The entrance door positions vary as well. The rear pusher buses offer a quieter ride. Fifth Wheels usually do not have flat foors inside and almost universally offer the "split level". Transmissions – Get an automatic unless you really like the absolute control of a standard and never intend to resell it. Standard shifts are MUCH harder to sell as conversions because retirees are the most common motor home buyers and they don’t like to shift. Allison makes the best transmission systems in the world.

Many older gas RV’s were mated to inferior transmissions that just cannot handle the extra weight and pull issue. Some RV’s have engine/transmission setups that are so underpowered you will never be able to afford to use them. These transmissions are forever blowing seals, leaking, overheating, and breaking down.

Buy a replacement transmission and guess what? Your only option may be a rebuilt version of the problematic transmission you already own. Engine – If you are going to be traveling through mountainous areas regularly get the biggest engine you can afford. There is NO substitute for size (raw cubic inches) I don’t care what the ads say.

My car has a 440 in it. Why would you buy a 34′ RV with a 318 in it? Check carefully how many miles on the engine or since the engine rebuild. Gas engines last about 60 -100,000 miles, depending on whether they are driven stop and go in the mountains or over long stretches of flat highway. Diesels can often approach 200,000 miles before needing much of anything with proper maintenance.

If economy is a major concern, look for a good affordable coach with a great miserly engine/transmission combination. I bought such a coach with a Cummins 190 HP 6 cylinder diesel engine mated to an Allison 4 speed automatic transmission. Over the course of our 31 day, 7,980 mile trip, in mixed traffic, tough mountain and city driving, we averaged 10.6 MPG in our 34 foot fully loaded class A liveaboard coach with 4 people and 2 kayaks.

NOTE: After evaluating the information above on SPECIFIC issues related to this particular platform you may find the prepurchase checklist found at http://busforsaleguide.com/bus_prepurchase_checklist.htm helpful. It covers GENERAL issues you should be aware of for ALL platforms. It will serve as a very valuable resource to assist you in evaluating a bus, motor home, or RV for purchase. Take a copy of it with you when shopping.

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Best Replacement Parts for Toyota’s Hybrid Vehicles Housed at

Ferrari Car Pictures

Toyota Parts

Toyota has long promoted environment responsibility through its low-emission vehicles and manufacturing plants with "zero-landfill producing operations." With the introduction of the Toyota Prius in 1997, Toyota had taken a big step forward in its efforts to create more fuel efficient and environment-friendly vehicles.

This feat is followed recently with the introduction of the Toyota Highlander. The Toyota Prius, being the first mass-produced hybrid vehicle and the Toyota Highlander, being the first seven-passenger hybrid Sport Utility Vehicle, are great contributions to the industry. Having one of them as your own vehicle certainly brings not only driving satisfaction but a great sense of pride, too.

One of the country’s leading auto parts supplier specializing on selling OEM-quality Toyota parts, Toyota Parts Online proudly brings to its beloved customers a comprehensive and updated line of automotive replacement and aftermarket auto parts for the Toyota Highlander and the Toyota Prius. With the same commitment as Toyota, this Toyota Parts Discount store offers the most dependable products that could make your Toyota vehicle more fuel efficient, environment-friendly and more capable.

As Toyota’s latest and most sophisticated models, the Toyota Highlander and the Toyota Prius are sure to give you a more satisfying ride compared to earlier Toyota cars; however, these vehicles are in the same way vulnerable to a lot of car problems ranging from minor to major car damages. Accidents, too, would surely require you to replace some of the stock Toyota Prius Parts and Toyota Highlander Parts .

This is where Toyota Parts Online is of great help to you and to thousands of Toyota owners who demand for excellence in their replacement Toyota parts needs. Quality replacement parts available for your Toyota Highlander include Toyota Hood , Toyota bumper retainer, Toyota grill, Toyota radiator , and Toyota A/C condenser.

For additional safety and style, you can add or replace your current Toyota headlights with first-class and stylish headlamps offered in this store. Also available are elegant-looking Toyota Euro Altezza lights , Toyota clear turn signal lamps, Toyota Projector Headlamps, Toyota clear corner lights for Toyota Tacoma, Toyota Pickup, Toyota 4Runner and other vehicles.

Believing in Toyota’s dedication in providing its users the most dependable passenger cars, SUVs, vans and trucks, this Toyota auto parts dealer is proud to deliver the finest parts for various Toyota models, old and new alike. With their auto parts’ tried and tested durability, you are sure to experience the same satisfaction you get from Toyota Parts Used in your Toyota vehicle.

What’s even greater is that you get all those parts at very exciting Toyota Parts Discount deals. Shopping for your Toyota replacement parts needs online has never been more fulfilling than buying them here at the country’s number one Toyota parts dealer.

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The Night Vehicle

It is the world’s oldest automobile manufacturer and primarily competes with the BMW, the Cadillac, the Jaguar, the Audi, the Volvo, the Lexus, the Acura, the Infiniti, and the Lincoln. The Mercedes Benz is a German brand of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks which is under the umbrella of the DaimlerChrysler company. This automobile manufacturer started out its humble beginnings back to the 1880s.It happened around when Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz invented the internal combustion engine-powered automobile. There are many sorts of trivia and facts that revolve around this automobile company. One of these is that the company claims that all of the wood used in its modern automobiles is raised on tree farms although this has not yet been confirmed. Also, Michael McClure’s song had its title using the company’s name.

This song was supposed to be a gentle satire on materialism however the company used this to promote and advertise their vehicles. The Mercedes Benz was the most popular brand name that was mentioned in the Billboard Top 20 songs in 2003. One of the vehicles running under the Mercedes Benz name and brand is the 2007 S-Class. This vehicle is the ninth generation Mercedes Benz S-Class and it has gone through more than just a simple luxury upgrade.

Ferrari Car Pictures

Mercedes Benz Parts

This vehicle sports a Brake Assist Plus system that uses long-range and short-range radar that facilitates and helps out in anticipating and avoiding the much dreaded collisions, or at the very least lessen the severity of a crash. This feature does this by automatically braking with full force even if the driver does not stomp on the brake hard enough to stomp in time. This vehicle is also claimed to be able to see and look around at night.

This is due to the Night View Assist feature that has the ability to shine infrared beams down the road so as to illuminate hazards that are beyond the reach of the Mercedes Benz S-Class’ headlights. There is a special camera mounted on the rearview mirrors that can read the infrared. This transforms the data to a simple language that shows the driver a crisp and clear image of what is right ahead.

This data is shown on an eight-inch LCD screen that is installed in the instrument panel of the vehicle. The S-Class also runs and is powered by a 5.5 liter V8 engine that has the capacity to produce 382 horsepower and 391 pound feet of torque. This power is adequate enough to be able to make the sedan fly to 62 mph in just 5.4 seconds.

Ferrari Car Pictures

Mercedes Benz Auto Parts

The standard safety equipment for this vehicle are dual front two-stage airbags, front and rear side airbags, full-length side curtain airbags, NECK-PRO active head restraints, second-generation PRE-SAFE, an adaptive brake light, anti-lock brakes, a Brake Assist system, a hill-start assist system and ESP stability control.

The parts and details that make up every inch of the 2007 Mercedes Benz S-Class makes this vehicle special and unique. Durable replacement parts for Mercedes Benz vehicles are available at Auto Parts Information’s online store. This store provides guaranteed quality Mercedes Benz parts that is a surefire way to keep your Mercedes Benz vehicle in top condition.

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